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Suppose you need to load data from a table using an INSERT statement, and suppose that you don t need the data to be in the same format as the data in the source table You can easily use the INSERT statement with one additional (automatic) step: use a table function to transform the data after it extracts the rows from the source and before the data gets inserted into your target table Instead of the normal statement: INSERT INTO target_table SELECT * FROM source_table; you use the following INSERT statement: INSERT INTO target_table SELECT * FROM (table function(source_table)); The previous INSERT statement will take the rows from the source table and insert them into the target table, with the twist that the inserted data will be of a different format from the original data in the target table.

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The table function will modify the data format before the INSERT operation can insert the data into the target table As an example, suppose you have an original table named sales_data, which shows a holding company s stores and sales figures for the two years 2001 and 2002: SQL> SELECT * FROM sales_data; STORE_NAME SALES_2001 SALES_2002 ------------------------- ---------- --------------------------------shoe city 500000 trinkets galore 1400000 1500000 modern tools 1000000 1200000 toys and toys 800000 SQL> Your goal is to extract data from this table to a target table with a different format The new table is named yearly_store_sales, and it lists the company sales figures differently each company s sales figure is listed by year For example, in the original table, the store modern tools showed two yearly sales numbers in the same row: 1000000 and 1200000.

In the new transformed table, these numbers should appear in different rows that is, the data should show the store/sales year combinations To do this, the company name may appear more than once in this table:.

SQL> CREATE TABLE yearly_store_sales 2 (store_name VARCHAR2(25), 3 sales_year NUMBER, 4* total_sales NUMBER); Table created. SQL> Because table functions return sets of records, you need to create some special object structures to use table functions to transform data. The first object you need to create is an object type called yearly_store_sales_row, which reflects the records. Note that the structure of this type is the same as your target table, yearly_store_sales. SQL> 2 3 4 5* Type SQL> CREATE TYPE yearly_store_sales_row AS OBJECT( store_name varchar2(25), sales_year number, total_sales number); created.

The next step is to create a table type named yearly_store_sales_table. This table type is based on the object type you just created. SQL> 2 3 Type SQL> CREATE TYPE yearly_store_sales_table AS TABLE OF yearly_store_sales_row; created.

3. Working from left to right, perform any multiplication or division. 4. Working from left to right, perform any addition or subtraction.

The package creation statement shown in Listing 13-12 is somewhat complex, and it is the heart of the table function feature. The table function uses a REF CURSOR to fetch the input rows. It then transforms the data and sends it out interactively (that is, it pipelines the data). Listing 13-12. Creating the Table Function SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE sales_package 2 AS 3 TYPE sales_cursor_type IS REF CURSOR 4 RETURN sales_data%ROWTYPE; 5 FUNCTION modify_sales_data 6 (INPUTDATA IN sales_cursor_type) 7 RETURN yearly_store_sales_table 8 PIPELINED; 9* END; SQL> / Package created. SQL> 1 CREATE OR REPLACE PACKAGE BODY sales_package 2 AS 3 FUNCTION modify_sales_data( 4 inputdata IN sales_cursor_type) 5 RETURN yearly_store_sales_table 6 PIPELINED IS 7 inputrec sales_data%ROWTYPE; 8 outputrow_2001 yearly_store_sales_row := yearly_store_sales_row(NULL,NULL,NULL); 9 outputrow_2002 yearly_store_sales_row := yearly_store_sales_row(NULL,NULL,NULL);